Changes between Version 115 and Version 119 of Help/Concepts/Object


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  • Help/Concepts/Object

    v115 v119  
    1111== Nodes, ways, and relations == #NodesWaysRelations
    1212
    13 === Tags (also an OSM data primitive) === #Tags
     13=== Tags === #Tags
    1414
    15 Tags provide meaning to the objects. Without them, any other object would be useless and meaningless. Each of ''three other data primitives'' **can have multiple tags**.
     15Tags provide meaning to the objects. Without them, any other object would be useless and meaningless. Each of the three data primitives can have multiple tags.
    1616
    17 [=#presets Often tags used in combinations; **usually these combinations can be found] in [wikitr:/Presets presets]**. But it may be true that tags you need to use are not in presets and you need to know them first.
     17[=#presets Often tags used in combinations; usually these combinations can be found] in [wikitr:/Presets presets]. But it may be true that tags you need to use are not in presets and you need to know them first.
    1818
    1919Simplest example is [osmwiki:Key:drinking_water drinking_water=yes] - it is present globally and can be applied to every object that provides water. Other example is [osmwiki:Key:leaf_cycle leaf_cycle]=* of trees, it will have less coverage globally (as trees do not grow just everywhere).
    … …  
    2323[#Tags1 We will cover tags in more detail below], but first will cover all other data primitives.
    2424
    25 === Nodes (also an OSM data primitive) === #Nodes
     25=== Nodes (an OSM data primitive) === #Nodes
    2626[[JOSMImage(data/node,24,bottom,margin-right=15,link=)]] A **node** is an individual point with a defined position. ''With respective tags'' it can be used to indicate shops, benches, individual trees or points of drinking water.
    2727
    … …  
    3434A practical meaning of this is demonstrated at the [wikitr:/Help/Action/Draw#Commonnodes Draw Nodes] page. The [wikitr:/Help/Action/MergeNodes Merge Nodes] tool can be used to create common nodes.
    3535
    36 === Ways (also an OSM data primitive) === #Ways
    37 [[JOSMImage(data/way,24,middle,margin-right=15,margin-bottom=5,link=)]] A **way** is a sequence of nodes ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonal_chain a "polygonal chain" from ordinary geometry]). OSM **way** used to represent linear objects, ''with respective tags'' it can used to describe: a river bank, tree row, kerbs in the streets (among other uses).
     36=== Ways (an OSM data primitive) === #Ways
     37[[JOSMImage(data/way,24,middle,margin-right=15,margin-bottom=5,link=)]] A **way** is a sequence of nodes ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonal_chain a "polygonal chain" from ordinary geometry]). The OSM way is used to represent linear objects, ''with respective tags'' it can used to describe: a river bank, tree row, kerbs in the streets (among other uses).
    3838
    3939==== Direction ====
    4040Since nodes are ordered in OSM; every way in OSM has a direction. This gives us possibility to add tags (details about object) such as [osmwiki:Key:conveying conveying=*] - to specify direction of escalators and moving walkways or [osmwiki:Key:incline incline=*] which can be used toghter with roads and footways. There [osmwiki:Category:Way_Direction_Dependent more examples] and we can't cover them all.
    4141
    42 **Note**: Rendering of direction in [wikitr:/Help/MapView MapView] can be set in Display Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display#OSMData OSM Data].
     42**Note**: Rendering of direction in [wikitr:/Help/MapView MapView] can be set in Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/DrawingPreference OSM Data].
    4343
    4444==== Segment ====#Segment
    45 Is **a fragment between two consequent points of the way** ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_segment "line segment" from ordinary geometry]). This is not a part of OSM data model, but users often distinguish because of tools than operate on segment level (rather than on complete way); please, distinguish a segment(s) from complete "way"s.
     45Is a fragment between two consequent points of the way ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_segment "line segment" from ordinary geometry]). This is not a part of OSM data model, but users often distinguish because of tools than operate on segment level (rather than on complete way); please, distinguish a segment(s) from complete "way"s.
    4646
    47 **Note**: Rendering of segments in [wikitr:/Help/MapView MapView] can be set in Display Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display#OSMData OSM Data].
     47**Note**: Rendering of segments in [wikitr:/Help/MapView MapView] can be set in Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/DrawingPreference OSM Data].
    4848
    4949==== Areas ==== #Areas
    50 [[JOSMImage(data/closedway,24,middle,margin-right=15,margin-bottom=5,link=)]] If a **way** is closed, i.e. if the last node is the same as  the first node, it is also called an **area**. Old term for this is ''Closed Ways'' (it is still present at wiki, used in software and by some mappers; other part uses "geometry" when talking just about shape of the objects, without tags).
     50[[JOSMImage(data/closedway,24,middle,margin-right=15,margin-bottom=5,link=)]] If a way is closed, i.e. if the last node is the same as  the first node, it is also called an area. Old term for this is ''Closed Ways'' (it is still present at wiki, used in software and by some mappers; other part uses "geometry" when talking just about shape of the objects, without tags).
    5151
    5252Sometimes single area is not enough to represent an object (for example, a lake with an island in it), then you have to use a [wikitr:/Help/Concepts/Object#typemultipolygon multi-polygon]
    5353
    54 === Relations (also an OSM data primitive) === #Relations
     54=== Relations (an OSM data primitive) === #Relations
    5555
    5656==== In most cases you don't need them ====
    5757If some object can be represented with single ''node'' or ''way'' and ''multiple tags supported by software'', then there is no need in relations. But there are some rare cases where it is theoretically and practically impossible ''only with nodes, ways and tags'' (ex. turn restrictions, will be covered below).
    5858
    59 This means **you can [#Tags1 skip this big "Relations" section], until you decide to add or edit a relation**.
     59This means you can [#Tags1 skip this big "Relations" section], until you decide to add or edit a relation.
    6060
    6161==== Simple explanation ====#SimpleExplanation
    … …  
    6666* tag type=* used to define one of [osmwiki:Types_of_relation many types of relations]
    6767
    68 Additionally, each object participating in a **relation** can be assigned a **role**, for instance "via" node and "from", "to" ways in type=restriction relation.
     68Additionally, each object participating in a relation can be assigned a **role**, for instance "via" node and "from", "to" ways in type=restriction relation.
    6969
    7070[wikitr:/Help/Relations Relation Help] covers the most basic tools to create relations in JOSM ([wikitr:/Help/Dialog/RelationList Relations window], [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/SelectionList Selection], [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/RelationEditor Relation editor]).
    … …  
    113113}}}
    114114
    115 Assigned to a way, this set of **tags** indicate, that the way represents a road in a residential area with name ''Main road'' (the German name be ''Hauptstraße'', the English name, which in this example equals to name, is ''Main road''). Speed is limited to 30km/h and heavy goods vehicles (hgv) are not allowed. Furthermore, it's a one way street.
     115Assigned to a way, this set of tags indicate, that the way represents a road in a residential area with name ''Main road'' (the German name be ''Hauptstraße'', the English name, which in this example equals to name, is ''Main road''). Speed is limited to 30km/h and heavy goods vehicles (hgv) are not allowed. Furthermore, it's a one way street.
    116116
    117117In the [[JOSMImage(dialogs/propertiesdialog)]] [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/TagsMembership Tags/Membership panel] you can assign tags to an object, remove tags from an object, or edit assigned tags.
    … …  
    124124
    125125In JOSM, a new object doesn't have an ID (its ID is 0) until it is uploaded the first time to the OSM server.
    126 * Under **''[[JOSMImage(preference)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/Preferences Preferences]''** (or **''`F12`''**) -> [[JOSMImage(preferences/display,24,link=,middle)]] **''[wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display Display Settings] -> Look and Feel''** it is possible to en- or disable the display of objects ids in the windows.
    127 * With **''File -> [[JOSMImage(downloadprimitive)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/DownloadObject Download object ...]''** it is possible to download **objects** by Ids.
     126* Under ''[[JOSMImage(preference)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/Preferences Preferences]'' (or ''`F12`'') -> [[JOSMImage(preferences/display,24,link=,middle)]] ''[wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display Display]'' it is possible to en- or disable the display of objects ids in the windows.
     127* With ''File -> [[JOSMImage(downloadprimitive)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/DownloadObject Download object ...]'' it is possible to download objects by Ids.
    128128
    129 **Note**: The display of object ids in the [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/SelectionList Selection List] can be set in Display Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display#LookAndFeel Look and Feel].
     129**Note**: The display of object ids in the [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/SelectionList Selection List] can be set in Preferences under ''[wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display Display]''.
    130130
    131131
    … …  
    139139Also, you can use time sliced data (region extracts by date) to inspect how objects were changing (and refer to object id and point in time from the database).
    140140
    141 **Note**: The display of object versions in the [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/SelectionList Selection List] can be set in Display Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display#LookAndFeel Look and Feel].
     141**Note**: The display of object versions in the [wikitr:/Help/Dialog/SelectionList Selection List] can be set in Preferences under [wikitr:/Help/Preferences/Display Display].
    142142
    143143==== Information about latest version ====
    144 * **''View -> [[JOSMImage(info)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/InfoAboutElements Advanced info]''** (or Keyboard shortcut:**''`Ctrl+I`''**) opens separated windows with informations about selected objects in text format.
    145 * **''View -> [[JOSMImage(info)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/InfoAboutElementsWeb Advanced info (web)]''**  (or Keyboard shortcut:**''`Ctrl+Shift+I`''**) opens the **objects pages** of selected objects on the [osmwww: OSM website] in your web browser.
     144* ''View -> [[JOSMImage(info)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/InfoAboutElements Advanced info]'' (or Keyboard shortcut:''`Ctrl+I`'') opens separated windows with informations about selected objects in text format.
     145* ''View -> [[JOSMImage(info)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/InfoAboutElementsWeb Advanced info (web)]''  (or Keyboard shortcut:''`Ctrl+Shift+I`'') opens the objects pages of selected objects on the [osmwww: OSM website] in your web browser.
    146146
    147147Alternatively, you can browse the objects directly by entering following address in your web browser:
    … …  
    152152
    153153==== History of the object ====#ObjectHistory
    154 Each object has a **version**. The **version** is incremented whenever the object is uploaded to the server and the OSM server not only stores the most recent version of an object, but its complete **history**.
     154Each object has a version. The version is incremented whenever the object is uploaded to the server and the OSM server not only stores the most recent version of an object, but its complete history.
    155155
    156 * **''View -> [[JOSMImage(dialogs/history)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/ObjectHistory History]''** (or Keyboard shortcut:**''`Ctrl+H`''**) opens the History Browser. The History Browser will show you the **versions** of a particular object.
    157 * Alternatively, **''View -> [[JOSMImage(dialogs/history)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/ObjectHistoryWeb History (web)]''** (or Keyboard shortcut:**''`Ctrl+Shift+H`''**) opens a page on the [osmwww: OSM website] in your web browser which displays the object history, too.
     156* ''View -> [[JOSMImage(dialogs/history)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/ObjectHistory History]'' (or Keyboard shortcut:''`Ctrl+H`'') opens the History Browser. The History Browser will show you the versions of a particular object.
     157* Alternatively, ''View -> [[JOSMImage(dialogs/history)]] [wikitr:/Help/Action/ObjectHistoryWeb History (web)]'' (or Keyboard shortcut:''`Ctrl+Shift+H`'') opens a page on the [osmwww: OSM website] in your web browser which displays the object history, too.
    158158
    159159----