/*
* Import from fr.geo.convert package, a geographic coordinates converter.
* (https://www.i3s.unice.fr/~johan/gps/)
* License: GPL. For details, see LICENSE file.
* Copyright (C) 2002 Johan Montagnat (johan@creatis.insa-lyon.fr)
*/
package org.openstreetmap.josm.data.projection;
import org.openstreetmap.josm.data.coor.LatLon;
import org.openstreetmap.josm.tools.Utils;
/**
* Reference ellipsoids.
*/
public final class Ellipsoid {
/**
* Airy 1830
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Airy = Ellipsoid.createAb(6377563.396, 6356256.910);
/**
* Modified Airy 1849
*/
public static final Ellipsoid AiryMod = Ellipsoid.createAb(6377340.189, 6356034.446);
/**
* Australian National Spheroid (Australian Natl & S. Amer. 1969)
* same as GRS67 Modified
*/
public static final Ellipsoid AustSA = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378160.0, 298.25);
/**
* Bessel 1841 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Bessel1841 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377397.155, 299.1528128);
/**
* Bessel 1841 (Namibia)
*/
public static final Ellipsoid BesselNamibia = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377483.865, 299.1528128);
/**
* Clarke 1866 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Clarke1866 = Ellipsoid.createAb(6378206.4, 6356583.8);
/**
* Clarke 1880 (modified)
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Clarke1880 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378249.145, 293.4663);
/**
* Clarke 1880 IGN (French national geographic institute)
*/
public static final Ellipsoid ClarkeIGN = Ellipsoid.createAb(6378249.2, 6356515.0);
/**
* Everest 1830
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Everest = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377276.345, 300.8017);
/**
* Everest 1948
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Everest1948 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377304.063, 300.8017);
/**
* Everest 1956
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Everest1956 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377301.243, 300.8017);
/**
* Everest 1969
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Everest1969 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377295.664, 300.8017);
/**
* Everest (Sabah & Sarawak)
*/
public static final Ellipsoid EverestSabahSarawak = Ellipsoid.createArf(6377298.556, 300.8017);
/**
* Fischer (Mercury Datum) 1960
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Fischer = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378166., 298.3);
/**
* Modified Fischer 1960
*/
public static final Ellipsoid FischerMod = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378155., 298.3);
/**
* Fischer 1968
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Fischer1968 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378150., 298.3);
/**
* GRS67 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid GRS67 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378160.0, 298.247167427);
/**
* GRS80 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid GRS80 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378137.0, 298.257222101);
/**
* Hayford's ellipsoid 1909 (ED50 system)
* Also known as International 1924
* Proj.4 code: intl
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Hayford = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378388.0, 297.0);
/**
* Helmert 1906
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Helmert = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378200.0, 298.3);
/**
* Hough
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Hough = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378270.0, 297.0);
/**
* Krassowsky 1940 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Krassowsky = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378245.0, 298.3);
/**
* Sphere
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Sphere = Ellipsoid.createAb(6370997.0, 6370997.0);
/**
* Walbeck
*/
public static final Ellipsoid Walbeck = Ellipsoid.createAb(6376896.0, 6355834.8467);
/**
* WGS66 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid WGS66 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378145.0, 298.25);
/**
* WGS72 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid WGS72 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378135.0, 298.26);
/**
* WGS84 ellipsoid
*/
public static final Ellipsoid WGS84 = Ellipsoid.createArf(6378137.0, 298.257223563);
/**
* half long axis
*/
public final double a;
/**
* half short axis
*/
public final double b;
/**
* first eccentricity:
* sqrt(a*a - b*b) / a
*/
public final double e;
/**
* first eccentricity squared:
* (a*a - b*b) / (a*a)
*/
public final double e2;
/**
* square of the second eccentricity:
* (a*a - b*b) / (b*b)
*/
public final double eb2;
/**
* if ellipsoid is spherical, i.e. the major and minor semiaxis are
* the same
*/
public final boolean spherical;
/**
* private constructur - use one of the create_* methods
*
* @param a semimajor radius of the ellipsoid axis
* @param b semiminor radius of the ellipsoid axis
* @param e first eccentricity of the ellipsoid ( = sqrt((a*a - b*b)/(a*a)))
* @param e2 first eccentricity squared
* @param eb2 square of the second eccentricity
* @param sperical if the ellipsoid is sphere
*/
private Ellipsoid(double a, double b, double e, double e2, double eb2, boolean sperical) {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
this.e = e;
this.e2 = e2;
this.eb2 = eb2;
this.spherical = sperical;
}
/**
* create a new ellipsoid
*
* @param a semimajor radius of the ellipsoid axis (in meters)
* @param b semiminor radius of the ellipsoid axis (in meters)
* @return the new ellipsoid
*/
public static Ellipsoid createAb(double a, double b) {
double e2 = (a*a - b*b) / (a*a);
double e = Math.sqrt(e2);
double eb2 = e2 / (1.0 - e2);
return new Ellipsoid(a, b, e, e2, eb2, a == b);
}
/**
* create a new ellipsoid
*
* @param a semimajor radius of the ellipsoid axis (in meters)
* @param es first eccentricity squared
* @return the new ellipsoid
*/
public static Ellipsoid createAes(double a, double es) {
double b = a * Math.sqrt(1.0 - es);
double e = Math.sqrt(es);
double eb2 = es / (1.0 - es);
return new Ellipsoid(a, b, e, es, eb2, es == 0);
}
/**
* create a new ellipsoid
*
* @param a semimajor radius of the ellipsoid axis (in meters)
* @param f flattening ( = (a - b) / a)
* @return the new ellipsoid
*/
public static Ellipsoid createAf(double a, double f) {
double b = a * (1.0 - f);
double e2 = f * (2 - f);
double e = Math.sqrt(e2);
double eb2 = e2 / (1.0 - e2);
return new Ellipsoid(a, b, e, e2, eb2, f == 0);
}
/**
* create a new ellipsoid
*
* @param a semimajor radius of the ellipsoid axis (in meters)
* @param rf inverse flattening
* @return the new ellipsoid
*/
public static Ellipsoid createArf(double a, double rf) {
return createAf(a, 1.0 / rf);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Ellipsoid{a="+a+", b="+b+'}';
}
/**
* Returns the radius of curvature in the prime vertical
* for this reference ellipsoid at the specified latitude.
*
* @param phi The local latitude (radians).
* @return The radius of curvature in the prime vertical (meters).
*/
public double verticalRadiusOfCurvature(final double phi) {
return a / Math.sqrt(1.0 - (e2 * sqr(Math.sin(phi))));
}
private static double sqr(final double x) {
return x * x;
}
/**
* Returns the meridional arc, the true meridional distance on the
* ellipsoid from the equator to the specified latitude, in meters.
*
* @param phi The local latitude (in radians).
* @return The meridional arc (in meters).
*/
public double meridionalArc(final double phi) {
final double sin2Phi = Math.sin(2.0 * phi);
final double sin4Phi = Math.sin(4.0 * phi);
final double sin6Phi = Math.sin(6.0 * phi);
final double sin8Phi = Math.sin(8.0 * phi);
// TODO . calculate 'f'
//double f = 1.0 / 298.257222101; // GRS80
double f = 1.0 / 298.257223563; // WGS84
final double n = f / (2.0 - f);
final double n2 = n * n;
final double n3 = n2 * n;
final double n4 = n3 * n;
final double n5 = n4 * n;
final double n1n2 = n - n2;
final double n2n3 = n2 - n3;
final double n3n4 = n3 - n4;
final double n4n5 = n4 - n5;
final double ap = a * (1.0 - n + (5.0 / 4.0) * n2n3 + (81.0 / 64.0) * n4n5);
final double bp = (3.0 / 2.0) * a * (n1n2 + (7.0 / 8.0) * n3n4 + (55.0 / 64.0) * n5);
final double cp = (15.0 / 16.0) * a * (n2n3 + (3.0 / 4.0) * n4n5);
final double dp = (35.0 / 48.0) * a * (n3n4 + (11.0 / 16.0) * n5);
final double ep = (315.0 / 512.0) * a * n4n5;
return ap * phi - bp * sin2Phi + cp * sin4Phi - dp * sin6Phi + ep * sin8Phi;
}
/**
* Returns the radius of curvature in the meridian
* for this reference ellipsoid at the specified latitude.
*
* @param phi The local latitude (in radians).
* @return The radius of curvature in the meridian (in meters).
*/
public double meridionalRadiusOfCurvature(final double phi) {
return verticalRadiusOfCurvature(phi)
/ (1.0 + eb2 * sqr(Math.cos(phi)));
}
/**
* Returns isometric latitude of phi on given first eccentricity (e)
* @param phi The local latitude (radians).
* @param e first eccentricity
* @return isometric latitude of phi on first eccentricity (e)
*/
public double latitudeIsometric(double phi, double e) {
double v1 = 1-e*Math.sin(phi);
double v2 = 1+e*Math.sin(phi);
return Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI/4+phi/2)*Math.pow(v1/v2, e/2));
}
/**
* Returns isometric latitude of phi on first eccentricity (e)
* @param phi The local latitude (radians).
* @return isometric latitude of phi on first eccentricity (e)
*/
public double latitudeIsometric(double phi) {
double v1 = 1-e*Math.sin(phi);
double v2 = 1+e*Math.sin(phi);
return Math.log(Math.tan(Math.PI/4+phi/2)*Math.pow(v1/v2, e/2));
}
/**
* Returns geographic latitude of isometric latitude of first eccentricity (e) and epsilon precision
* @param latIso isometric latitude
* @param e first eccentricity
* @param epsilon epsilon precision
* @return geographic latitude of isometric latitude of first eccentricity (e) and epsilon precision
*/
public double latitude(double latIso, double e, double epsilon) {
double lat0 = 2*Math.atan(Math.exp(latIso))-Math.PI/2;
double lati = lat0;
double lati1 = 1.0; // random value to start the iterative processes
while (Math.abs(lati1-lati) >= epsilon) {
lati = lati1;
double v1 = 1+e*Math.sin(lati);
double v2 = 1-e*Math.sin(lati);
lati1 = 2*Math.atan(Math.pow(v1/v2, e/2)*Math.exp(latIso))-Math.PI/2;
}
return lati1;
}
/**
* convert cartesian coordinates to ellipsoidal coordinates
*
* @param xyz the coordinates in meters (X, Y, Z)
* @return The corresponding latitude and longitude in degrees
*/
public LatLon cart2LatLon(double... xyz) {
return cart2LatLon(xyz, 1e-11);
}
public LatLon cart2LatLon(double[] xyz, double epsilon) {
double norm = Math.sqrt(xyz[0] * xyz[0] + xyz[1] * xyz[1]);
double lg = 2.0 * Math.atan(xyz[1] / (xyz[0] + norm));
double lt = Math.atan(xyz[2] / (norm * (1.0 - (a * e2 / Math.sqrt(xyz[0] * xyz[0] + xyz[1] * xyz[1] + xyz[2] * xyz[2])))));
double delta = 1.0;
while (delta > epsilon) {
double s2 = Math.sin(lt);
s2 *= s2;
double l = Math.atan((xyz[2] / norm)
/ (1.0 - (a * e2 * Math.cos(lt) / (norm * Math.sqrt(1.0 - e2 * s2)))));
delta = Math.abs(l - lt);
lt = l;
}
return new LatLon(Utils.toDegrees(lt), Utils.toDegrees(lg));
}
/**
* convert ellipsoidal coordinates to cartesian coordinates
*
* @param coord The Latitude and longitude in degrees
* @return the corresponding (X, Y Z) cartesian coordinates in meters.
*/
public double[] latLon2Cart(LatLon coord) {
double phi = Utils.toRadians(coord.lat());
double lambda = Utils.toRadians(coord.lon());
double rn = a / Math.sqrt(1 - e2 * Math.pow(Math.sin(phi), 2));
double[] xyz = new double[3];
xyz[0] = rn * Math.cos(phi) * Math.cos(lambda);
xyz[1] = rn * Math.cos(phi) * Math.sin(lambda);
xyz[2] = rn * (1 - e2) * Math.sin(phi);
return xyz;
}
}