
/*
 * The JTS Topology Suite is a collection of Java classes that
 * implement the fundamental operations required to validate a given
 * geo-spatial data set to a known topological specification.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001 Vivid Solutions
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * For more information, contact:
 *
 *     Vivid Solutions
 *     Suite #1A
 *     2328 Government Street
 *     Victoria BC  V8T 5G5
 *     Canada
 *
 *     (250)385-6040
 *     www.vividsolutions.com
 */
package com.vividsolutions.jts.index.strtree;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.Envelope;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.index.ItemVisitor;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.index.SpatialIndex;
import com.vividsolutions.jts.util.Assert;

/**
 *  A query-only R-tree created using the Sort-Tile-Recursive (STR) algorithm.
 *  For two-dimensional spatial data.
 * <P>
 *  The STR packed R-tree is simple to implement and maximizes space
 *  utilization; that is, as many leaves as possible are filled to capacity.
 *  Overlap between nodes is far less than in a basic R-tree. However, once the
 *  tree has been built (explicitly or on the first call to #query), items may
 *  not be added or removed.
 * <P>
 * Described in: P. Rigaux, Michel Scholl and Agnes Voisard.
 * <i>Spatial Databases With Application To GIS</i>.
 * Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2002.
 *
 * @version 1.7
 */
public class STRtree extends AbstractSTRtree implements SpatialIndex {

  private Comparator xComparator =
    new Comparator() {
      public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        return compareDoubles(
            centreX((Envelope)((Boundable)o1).getBounds()),
            centreX((Envelope)((Boundable)o2).getBounds()));
      }
    };
  private Comparator yComparator =
    new Comparator() {
      public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
        return compareDoubles(
            centreY((Envelope)((Boundable)o1).getBounds()),
            centreY((Envelope)((Boundable)o2).getBounds()));
      }
    };

  private double centreX(Envelope e) {
    return avg(e.getMinX(), e.getMaxX());
  }

  private double avg(double a, double b) { return (a + b) / 2d; }

  private double centreY(Envelope e) {
    return avg(e.getMinY(), e.getMaxY());
  }

  private IntersectsOp intersectsOp = new IntersectsOp() {
    public boolean intersects(Object aBounds, Object bBounds) {
      return ((Envelope)aBounds).intersects((Envelope)bBounds);
    }
  };

  /**
   * Creates the parent level for the given child level. First, orders the items
   * by the x-values of the midpoints, and groups them into vertical slices.
   * For each slice, orders the items by the y-values of the midpoints, and
   * group them into runs of size M (the node capacity). For each run, creates
   * a new (parent) node.
   */
  protected List createParentBoundables(List childBoundables, int newLevel) {
    Assert.isTrue(!childBoundables.isEmpty());
    int minLeafCount = (int) Math.ceil((childBoundables.size() / (double) getNodeCapacity()));
    ArrayList sortedChildBoundables = new ArrayList(childBoundables);
    Collections.sort(sortedChildBoundables, xComparator);
    List[] verticalSlices = verticalSlices(sortedChildBoundables,
        (int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(minLeafCount)));
    return createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlices(verticalSlices, newLevel);
  }

  private List createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlices(List[] verticalSlices, int newLevel) {
    Assert.isTrue(verticalSlices.length > 0);
    List parentBoundables = new ArrayList();
    for (int i = 0; i < verticalSlices.length; i++) {
      parentBoundables.addAll(
            createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlice(verticalSlices[i], newLevel));
    }
    return parentBoundables;
  }

  protected List createParentBoundablesFromVerticalSlice(List childBoundables, int newLevel) {
    return super.createParentBoundables(childBoundables, newLevel);
  }

  /**
   * @param childBoundables Must be sorted by the x-value of the envelope midpoints
   */
  protected List[] verticalSlices(List childBoundables, int sliceCount) {
    int sliceCapacity = (int) Math.ceil(childBoundables.size() / (double) sliceCount);
    List[] slices = new List[sliceCount];
    Iterator i = childBoundables.iterator();
    for (int j = 0; j < sliceCount; j++) {
      slices[j] = new ArrayList();
      int boundablesAddedToSlice = 0;
      while (i.hasNext() && boundablesAddedToSlice < sliceCapacity) {
        Boundable childBoundable = (Boundable) i.next();
        slices[j].add(childBoundable);
        boundablesAddedToSlice++;
      }
    }
    return slices;
  }

  private static final int DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY = 10;
  /**
   * Constructs an STRtree with the default node capacity.
   */
  public STRtree() 
  { 
    this(DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY); 
  }

  /**
   * Constructs an STRtree with the given maximum number of child nodes that
   * a node may have.
   * <p>
   * The minimum recommended capacity setting is 4.
   * 
   */
  public STRtree(int nodeCapacity) {
    super(nodeCapacity);
  }

  protected AbstractNode createNode(int level) {
    return new AbstractNode() {
      protected Object computeBounds() {
        Envelope bounds = null;
        for (Iterator i = getChildBoundables().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
          Boundable childBoundable = (Boundable) i.next();
          if (bounds == null) {
            bounds = new Envelope((Envelope)childBoundable.getBounds());
          }
          else {
            bounds.expandToInclude((Envelope)childBoundable.getBounds());
          }
        }
        return bounds;
      }
    };
  }

  protected IntersectsOp getIntersectsOp() {
    return intersectsOp;
  }

  /**
   * Inserts an item having the given bounds into the tree.
   */
  public void insert(Envelope itemEnv, Object item) {
    if (itemEnv.isNull()) { return; }
    super.insert(itemEnv, item);
  }

  /**
   * Returns items whose bounds intersect the given envelope.
   */
  public List query(Envelope searchEnv) {
    //Yes this method does something. It specifies that the bounds is an
    //Envelope. super.query takes an Object, not an Envelope. [Jon Aquino 10/24/2003]
    return super.query(searchEnv);
  }

  /**
   * Returns items whose bounds intersect the given envelope.
   */
  public void query(Envelope searchEnv, ItemVisitor visitor) {
    //Yes this method does something. It specifies that the bounds is an
    //Envelope. super.query takes an Object, not an Envelope. [Jon Aquino 10/24/2003]
    super.query(searchEnv, visitor);
  }

  /**
   * Removes a single item from the tree.
   *
   * @param itemEnv the Envelope of the item to remove
   * @param item the item to remove
   * @return <code>true</code> if the item was found
   */
  public boolean remove(Envelope itemEnv, Object item) {
    return super.remove(itemEnv, item);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of items in the tree.
   *
   * @return the number of items in the tree
   */
  public int size()
  {
    return super.size();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of items in the tree.
   *
   * @return the number of items in the tree
   */
  public int depth()
  {
    return super.depth();
  }

  protected Comparator getComparator() {
    return yComparator;
  }
}
